Instruments of Torture

So! You think you have been abused? Observe the following items of torture and see REAL ABUSE! The United States of America is a wonderful country! Far removed from the ancient and archaic civilizations of eras gone by. However, it now appears the abuse has shifted to psychological instead of physical. Doctors of Psychology have unleashed this latest form of torture, so to speak! They are just not telling their patients the absolute truth of their condition or conditions! Prior to these individuals (Drs. of Psychology) were Pastors, Ministers who gave counsel according to the Bible and helped people solve their Spiritual problems using scripture! All of mankind's answers can be found in the Bible! Sin produces the problems we are saddled with currently!

Instruments of Torture!

I n s t r u m e n t s G a l l e r y

The inquisitional chairs
This instrument of torture comes in different versions. We are first going to examine their common features and, then, their differences. All of them have common features, in that they are covered with spikes on the back, on the arm-rests, on the seat, on the leg-rests and on the foot-rests. The chair exhibited at the museum of San Gimignano has 1300 spikes, a real "carpet" of spikes . One version has a bar screwed on the lower portion of the chair, by the victim's feet, which by a screw mechanism forced the back of the legs against the spikes, thus penetrating the flesh of the victim. Another version had two bars immobilizing the victim's wrists forcing his forearms against the arm-rests resulting in the flesh being penetrated by the spikes.
Another version had a bar at chest height, to immobilize the victim's bust, while the spiked seat had holes to allow the victim's bottom to be 'heated" by hot coals placed under the seat, causing painful burns, but still keeping the victim conscious.
The strength of this instrument lies mainly in the psychological terror it causes and the threat that the torture will get increasingly worse, conforming to a model where the pain starts off easy and then gets progressively worse. The idea is that the Inquisitors can interrupt it at any stage, upon visual inspection of the damages that have been inflicted.
This instrument was used in Germany up to the 1800s, in Italy and in Spain up to the end of the 1700s, in France, in Great Britain and in the other central European countries, according to certain sources, up until the end of 1800s.

The maiden of Nuremberg
The name of this instrument seems to have originated from a prototype that was built in the town of Nuremberg. It is also said that this sort of sarcophagus had the face of a maiden carved on its front door, probably with the aim of making this horrible container look more refined.
This instrument has four main features, whose wickedness, I think, deserve to be analyzed. The inside of the sarcophagus was fitted with spikes designed to pierce different parts of the body, but miss the vital organs, so that the victim was kept alive, in an upright position.
Its second feature is that the victims were kept in an extremely confined space to increase their suffering.
Its third feature was that the device could be opened and closed without letting the victim, who had been pierced from the front and the back, get away.
Its fourth feature was that the container was so thick that no shrieks and moaning could be heard from outside unless the doors were opened. When the sarcophagus doors were shut again, the spikes pierced exactly the same parts of the body as before, and thus no relief was ever possible. This instrument can be defined both a torture and a death instrument.

The Garrote
This instrument bears a Spanish name because it was "improved" in Spain, where it became the official instrument of capital punishment. It remained in use until 1975, when the last person to be executed was a young student who was later found to be innocent. This incident was one of the arguments used for the abolition of death penalty in that country.
This instrument has very ancient origins. Simply put, a pole was driven into the ground and a rope was tied around the victim's neck. But if the pole was not very thick and the rope was tightened behind the pole, the neck of the victim could be tightened more gradually and easily released.
This sort of torture was used all over the world as testified by etchings.
The string tying the victim's neck to the pole could be made of a material that would shrink once wetted, so that the victim would slowly suffocate as it dried.
The "improved" Spanish version of this instrument was used for executions. It had a steel collar, larger in size than the victim's neck to prevent strangulation, but, at the same time, tight enough to immobilize the head and the neck.
Preventing neck and head movement was necessary because it allowed the victim's cervical vertebrae to be penetrated by a steel tip, moved by a screw mechanism positioned in the rear of the pole. In theory, such penetration was to be quick and precise, thus, able to administer a rapid and certain death.
Actually, though, the possibility of error and failure is so high that I leave it to the imagination of the reader to consider the suffering it actually inflicted.

Branks
These devices had two main features: They exposed the victims to ridicule by forcing them to wear a ridiculous likeness, and, at the same time, they inflicted mortification and physical torture by occluding the victims' mouth or nose and covering their eyes. As we can see in the picture number 2, the victim's mouth was stopped up to prevent her from screaming and moaning.
The long ears represented the ears of an ass. In Europe, many negative characteristics were attributed to this animal. Even today, donkeys are considered to be the stupid version of horses and the epithet "ass" is still used, in Italy, France and Spain, to define a stupid person.
The version with a pig nose or even a pig head, symbolizes someone dirty. The word pig, when referred to a person, is considered offensive in all European languages.

The heretics fork
This instrument consisted of two little forks one set against the other, with the four prongs rammed into the flesh, under the chin and above the chest. A small collar supported the instrument in such a manner that the victims were forced to hold their head erect, thus preventing any movement.
The forks did not penetrate any vital points, and thus suffering was prolonged and death avoided. Obviously the victims' hands were tied behind their back.

Pro 14:34 Righteousness exalts a nation; But sin is a reproach to any people.

Hosea 4:6 My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge: because you have rejected knowledge, I will also reject you, that you shall be no priest to me: seeing you have forgotten the law of your Elohim, I also will forget your children.

Remove the sexual misconduct! Remove murder! Remove hatred! Remove the evils that encompass the human race and just see the immediate improvements! If only the Pastors, Ministers would preach the pure un-adulterated truth of Almighty Yahweh's word, the healing would be self evident!

YOU WANT SPIRITUAL ABUSE? I WILL SHOW YOU SPIRITUAL ABUSE!

Any Pastor or Minister that LIES to their Parishioners or Congregation members are Spiritual Abusers! Pastors, Ministers, or anyone teaching or preaching from the Bible, do you tell your people any of the following?

When you die you will go to Heaven!
Once your are Baptized you are instantly saved!
You only have to confess the Master (LJC) and you are saved!
You will be caught up in the rapture and carried away from tribulation!
Once saved always saved!
The law has been done away with, we are under grace!
It's not important to use the Sacred Names of Yahweh & Yahshua!
Do you tell them anything that cannot be proven from the Bible?

I will answer these points one by one from the Holy Word of Almighty Yahweh! And I am here to tell you there is a lot more to be said on this subject!

Point One:

John 3:13 And no one has ascended into heaven, but he that descended out of heaven, even the Son of man, who is in heaven.

John 1:18 No man has seen Yahweh at any time; the only begotten Son, who is in the bosom of the Father, he has declared him.

Isaiah 28:15 Because you have said, We have made a covenant with death, and with Sheol are we at agreement; when the overflowing scourge shall pass through, it shall not come unto us; for we have made lies our refuge, and under falsehood have we hid ourselves:
Isaiah 28:16 therefore the Sovereign Yahweh says this , Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a precious corner -stone of sure foundation: he that believe shall not be in haste.
Isaiah 28:17 And I will make justice the line, and righteousness the plummet; and the hail shall sweep away the refuge of lies, and the waters shall overflow the hiding-place.

So! You may be thinking that this will happen when you are changed into a spirit being! You will NEVER EVER be changed into a spirit being if you are not in total compliance to Almighty Yahweh's will! Besides the Kingdom to be ruled by Yahshua the Messiah will be coming to this earth!

Matthew 6:10 Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done, as in heaven, so on earth!

Luke 11:2 And he said to them, When you pray, say, Father, Hallowed be your name. Your kingdom come.

WHERE? Right here on earth!

Acts 1:6 They therefore, when they were come together, asked him, saying, Master, do you at this time restore the kingdom to Israel?
Acts 1:7 And he said to them, It is not for you to know times or seasons, which the Father has set within His own authority.
Acts 1:8 But you shall receive power, when the Holy Spirit is come upon you: and you shall be my witnesses both in Jerusalem, and in all Judaea and Samaria, and to the uttermost part of the earth.
Acts 1:9 And when he had said these things, as they were looking, he was taken up; and a cloud received him out of their sight.
Acts 1:10 And while they were looking steadfastly into heaven as he went, behold, two men stood by them in white apparel;
Acts 1:11 who also said, You men of Galilee, why do you stand looking into heaven? this Yahshua, who was received up from you into heaven shall so come in like manner as you beheld him going into heaven.

Point Two:

Rev 2:10 Fear not the things which you are about to suffer: behold, the devil is about to cast some of you into prison, that you may be tried; and you shall have tribulation ten days. Be you faithful unto death, and I will give you the crown of life.

Mat 10:22 And you shall be hated of all men for my name's sake: but he that endures to the end, the same shall be saved.

Mat 24:4-13 And Yahshua answered and said to them, Take heed that no man lead you astray.
For many shall come in my name, saying, I am the Messiah; and shall lead many astray.
And you shall hear of wars and rumors of wars; see that you be not troubled: for these things must needs come to pass; but the end is not yet.
For nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom; and there shall be famines and earthquakes in divers places.
But all these things are the beginning of travail.
Then shall they deliver you up to tribulation, and shall kill you: and you shall be hated of all the nations for my name's sake.
And then shall many stumble, and shall deliver up one another, and shall hate one another.
And many false prophets shall arise, and shall lead many astray.
And because iniquity shall be multiplied, the love of the many shall wax cold.

But he that endures to the end, the same shall be saved.

Point Three:

Mat 10:32 Every one therefore who shall confess me before men, him will I also confess before my Father who is in heaven.
Mat 10:33 But whosoever shall deny me before men, him will I also deny before my Father who is in heaven.

Acts 8:26-37 But an angel of Yahweh spoke to Philip, saying, Arise, and go toward the south to the way that goes down from Jerusalem unto Gaza: the same is desert.
And he arose and went: and behold, a man of Ethiopia, a eunuch of great authority under Candace, queen of the Ethiopians, who was over all her treasure, who had come to Jerusalem to worship;
and he was returning and sitting in his chariot, and was reading the prophet Isaiah.
And the Spirit said to Philip, Go near, and join yourself to this chariot.
And Philip ran to him, and heard him reading Isaiah the prophet, and said, Understand what you read?
And he said, How can I, except some one shall guide me? And he asked Philip to come up and sit with him.
Now the passage of the Scripture which he was reading was this, He was led as a sheep to the slaughter; And as a lamb before his shearer is dumb, So he opens not his mouth:
In his humiliation his judgment was taken away: His generation who shall declare? For his life is taken from the earth.
And the eunuch answered Philip, and said, I pray you, of whom speaks the prophet? of himself, or of some other?
And Philip opened his mouth, and beginning from this Scripture, preached to him Yahshua.
And as they went on the way, they came unto a certain water; and the eunuch said, Behold, here is water; what does hinder me to be baptized?
And Philip said, If you believe with all your heart, you may. And he answered and said, I believe that Yahshua the Messiah is the Son of Yahweh.

Confession of YAHSHUA THE MESSIAH (not the LJC) is the only name acceptable to Almighty Yahweh! See Acts 4:12 Any other name constitutes a lie! And that is SPIRITUAL ABUSE!

Point Four:

This erroneous doctrine (quasi) arrives from a false interpretation of the following passage of scripture:

^{But we would not have
you ignorant, brethren, concerning them that fall asleep; that you sorrow not,
even as the rest, who have no hope. For if we believe that Yahshua died and rose
again, even so them also that are fallen asleep in Yahshua will Elohim bring
with him. For this we say to you by the word of the Yahweh, that we that are
alive, that are left to the coming of Yahshua , shall in no wise precede them
that are fallen asleep. For Yahshua
himself shall descend from heaven, with a shout, with the voice of the
archangel, and with the trump of Yahweh: and the dead in Messiah shall rise
first; then we that are alive, that are left, shall together with them be caught
up in the clouds, to meet Yahshua in the air: and so shall we ever be
with Yahshua. Therefore comfort one another with these words.}

Does the term "Rapture" even appear in the Bible? Where would you find it? Personally I could never find this term. Another "coined" feel good term? Who started this so-called rapture theory? Is this just another esoteric doctrine? The following article sheds enormous light on this subject. I will edit this article where the names and references to pagan ideas or ideology are concerned. The copyright will remain intact.

However, Truth On The Net Dot Com again makes this disclaimer: We do not agree with everything this author states. This is posted for historical documentation and relevance where the rapture theory is concerned. He does document the origin of this false teaching!

History of Pre-Trib Development

The story of the development of pre-tribulationism is a tangled one. From its inception in the early 1800s, there has been a deliberate attempt to cover up its origins. This has been perpetrated along two lines of 'revisionism.' One was to hide the real origin of pre-tribulationism in 19th century Scotland, and attribute it to John Nelson Darby , and the Plymouth Brethren. The other has been a recent attempt to selectively quote and misrepresent ancient Chr--tian documents to make it appear early Chr--tians were pre-trib. The purpose of this article is to document a timeline of the major events in the development of this relatively new prophetic view point.

THE EARLY Chu--h
In our article, Eschatology of the Early Chu--h, we demonstrated the fact that the early Chu--h was unquestionably "post-tribulational," seeing a single future coming of Chr--t to rescue the Chu--h from AntiChr--t, judge the wicked, and set up His earthly Kingdom. They were also "futurists," seeing the events of Revelation as being fulfilled within a short period of seven years at the end of this age.

THE MEDIEVAL Chu--h
From the rise of Roman Catholicism (4th century), the predominant view was a-millennial. The Chu--h not only allegorized the Old Testament prophecies of the Millennial Kingdom, but also began to allegorize the tribulation. Yet, they remained post-trib, seeing only a single future coming of Chr--t.

THE REFORMATION Chu--h
During and after the Protestant Reformation (16th century), Protestant Chr--tians held to what is called "Historicism," a view of prophecy that considers the events of Revelation as occurring all throughout the Chu--h's history. This was accomplished by employing the "year-day" theory — that the 1260, 1290, & 1335 days mentioned in Daniel and Revelation should be interpreted as years. It was common for Protestants to identify the Roman Catholic Chu--h with Mystery Babylon, and the papacy with the AntiChr--t. Since historicists considered the tribulation as encompassing most of the Chu--h age, and viewed themselves as being in the tribulation, they were necessarily post-tribulationists. This view lent itself to a flurry of date-setting in the first half of the 19th century, where the 1260, 1290, & 1335 days (years) were calculated from the Roman Chu--h's rise to supreme power under the Roman Emperors, until the second coming.

RETURN TO PRE-MILLENNIALISM

Morgan Edwards
Morgan Edwards was a Baptist minister in Pennsylvania in the mid-late 1700s. As a teenager and seminary student, Morgan wrote a hypothetical essay as part of his seminary training. Morgan was assigned the task, by his tutor, to write an essay on the Millennium using literal interpretation. In Morgan's hypothetical scenario, he separated the rapture from the second coming by at least 3.5 years. His work seems to be a mixture of "futurism" and "historicism." And, Morgan contradicted himself and made many obvious errors. Yet, his work appears to be the very first time the rapture was seen as a separate coming of Chr--t. Many years later (1788), Morgan published his essay in a book. While Morgan Edwards is sometimes cited as a pre-tribulationist, his work indicates that he did not wish to be seen as a "literalist;" he was content with the typical "historicist" view of the times; and that his work was hypothetical. Furthermore, there is no apparent connection between Morgan Edwards' essay and modern pre-tribulationism. And Morgan's other works do not display pre-trib thinking. We must look elsewhere for the origins of modern pre-tribulationism. For those interested in an in-depth analysis of Morgan Edwards' essay, see our article Morgan Edwards & the Pre-Trib Rapture.

Father Manuel de Lacunza
Fr. Manuel de Lacunza was a Roman Catholic Jes-it priest, born in Chili in 1731, and sent to Spain at the young age of 15 to become a Jes-it priest. When the Jesuits were expelled from Spain in 1767, Fr. de Lacunza moved to Italy. In 1790, he wrote a book on prophecy, called The Coming of Messiah in Glory and Majesty, which was published in Spain in 1812. Fr. de Lacunza wrote under the pen name, Juan Josafat Ben-Ezra (a converted Jew), allegedly to avoid detection since his book ended up on Rome's banned books list.
Fr. de Lacunza's book promoted a return to the literal interpretation of prophecy, and the primitive "futurist" view of Revelation. He rejected the "year-day" theory of the historicists. Consequently, he saw a personal AntiChr--t and future tribulation of 1260 days, followed by the coming of the Lo-d. He did not espouse a pre-trib rapture, as has been claimed.

EDWARD IRVING
In the 1820s, Edward Irving , pastored a Chu--h of Scotland (Presbyterian) congregation in London. Irving became aware of Father de Lacunza's book, and was so impressed with it, he took it upon himself to translate it into English, adding a "preliminary discourse" of his own. Irving's English translation was published in 1827. Some of Irving's early prophetic views can be discerned from his "preliminary discourse," including, surprisingly, all the key elements of dispensationalism that later showed up in Darby's writings. Irving, in his "preliminary discourse," indicated that he had been teaching these things to his congregation beginning Chr--tmas 1825, years before Darby is alleged to have arrived at his dispensational ideas [1]. Click here to read excerpts from Irving's preliminary discourse .
Irving had been preaching that G-d would restore Apostles and prophets to the Chu--h, and a great Pentecostal outpouring would come just before the soon return of Je--s Chr--t. Right on schedule, rumors of healings, tongues, visions, and other manifestations began circulating in Port Glasgow, Scotland, from the home of James and George MacDonald, and their sister Margaret. People came from England, Ireland, and parts of Scotland to observe the supernatural manifestations in the "prayer meetings" held by the MacDonalds.
The "revival" soon spread to Irving's Chu--h, with "tongues" and other "manifestations" breaking out, especially among the women. Due to the strange goings on in Irving's Chu--h, and his heretical views on the person of Chr--t, Irving was eventually defrocked by the Chu--h of Scotland, and moved his congregation to a rented hall, forming the Catholic Apostolic Chu--h. (Irving taught that Je--s had a fallen sinful nature and only kept from sinning by the power of the Holy Spirit. This is similar to the teachings of some modern Charismatics, who see Je--s as the "proto-type Chr--tian"). Not only were prophetic revelations and other alleged miracles occurring in Irving's congregation, but such "revelations" seemed to focus on end-time prophecy concerning the coming of the Lo-d.

February - June, 1830
Out of the spectacle of alleged latter-day Holy Spirit outpouring in Scotland and England, and the eschatological influence of de Lacunza's futurist/dispensationalism, emerged the very first documented evidence of a pre-tribulation rapture. This was first articulated in the form of a letter written by Margaret MacDonald, sister of James and George MacDonald of Port Glasgow. In March or April of 1830, after being ill and bed-ridden for about 18 months, Margaret claimed to have seen a series of visions of the coming of the Lo-d. She wrote down these visions and sent a copy to Edward Irving. A month later (June), Irving claimed in a private letter , that Margaret's visions had a huge impact on him. "the substance of Mary Campbell's and Margaret MacDonald's visions or revelations, given in their papers, carry to me a spiritual conviction and a spiritual reproof which I cannot express."
The outstanding feature of Margaret's visions was an outpouring of the Holy Spirit on a elite group within the Chu--h, combined with a secret rapture before the revealing of the AntiChr--t. She saw only these "Spirit filled" Chr--tians "taken" to be with the Lo-d, while the rest of the Chu--h without this experience would be left to be purged in the tribulation. Click here to read Margaret's letter describing her vision.

September, 1830
The official quarterly publication of the Irvingites, "The Morning Watch," had promoted a post-trib coming exclusively through mid-1830. But, the September 1830 issue featured part two of an article by "Fidus" describing the theory that the seven letters in Revelation actually describe seven consecutive "Chu--h ages." In this article, "Fidus" clearly articulated the new idea of a partial pre-trib rapture. "Fidus" saw the Philedelphian Chu--h being raptured prior to the tribulation, and the Laodicean Chu--h representing the less fortunate Chr--tians. Click here to read the "Fidus" article . This article in The Morning Watch is the first (known) publication of a pre-tribulation rapture in Great Britain, several years before Darby mentioned a pre-trib rapture.

June, 1831
In the June issue of The Morning Watch, Edward Irving made crystal clear his pre-trib teaching. The biblical basis of the Spirit-filled Chu--h being raptured before the tribulation was the catching up of the "man-child" in Revelation 12. Irving argued that the body of Chr--t has been "united to Him by regeneration of the Holy Gh-st, 'born of G-d, sons of G-d,' (Rev. ii. 27; xii. 5). And therefore we with him are called Chr--t (1 Cor. xii. 12)." Irving went on to say that, "with this key [that the mention of 'Chr--t' includes Spirit-filled believers] the Old Testament prophecies which speak of Chr--t must be interpreted, ... and especially those prophecies which speak of the pregnant woman: to all which an explicet key is given to us in the xiith chapter of Revelation; where, though the child is spoken of as one (ver. 5), it is also described as many (ver. 11), who overcame the acuser; and when that number is accomplished, there are still a remnant of her seed, whom the dragon doth persecute and seek to destroy (ver. 17). This two-fold company -- the one gathered before, and the other after the travailing woman is cast out into the wilderness, ... -- do together constitute the New Jerusalem, the bride of the Lamb, which cometh down from heaven." (The Morning Warch, June, 1831, pp. 301-302).
19th CENTURY INDEPENDENT WITNESSES CONFIRM MacDONALD/IRVINGITE ORIGIN

The Morning Watch (1832)
An anonymous writer, in the December 1832 (p. 249) issue of The Morning Watch, likely referred to Margaret MacDonald's letters (and probably her friend Mary Campbell & Emily Cardale of London) with the following words; "The Spirit of G-d has caused several young women, in different parts of Great Britain, to condense into a few broken sentences more and deeper theology than ever Vaughan, Chalmers, or Irving uttered in their longest sermons; and therefore more than all the rest of the Evangelical pulpits ever put forth in the whole course of their existence."

Robert Baxter (1833)
British Lawyer, Robert Baxter, was an early member of the Irvingites. Baxter had previously been post-trib, but eventually adopted the pre-trib rapture views of Irving. He was involved with the supernatural manifestations, even giving his own prophecies. He later became disillusioned with the whole movement, and abandoned Irvingism (and pre-tribulationism). Upon his departure, he wrote an expose of Irvingism, called "Narrative of Facts, Characterizing the Supernatural Manifestations in Members of Mr. Irving's Congregation" (1833) . In this book, Baxter spoke of Irving's early pre-trib teachings. "An opinion had been advanced in some of Mr. Irving's writings, that before the second coming of Chr--t, and before the setting in upon the world of the day of vengeance, emphatically so called in the Scriptures, the saints would be caught up to heaven like Enoch and Elijah; and would be thus saved from the destruction of this world, as Noah was saved in the ark, and Lot was saved from Sodom." Baxter wrote that the coming of the Lo-d was the main topic of the prophetic utterances in Irving's congregation. Looking back, he thought they had all been deceived by lying spirits pretending to be the Holy Ghost.

Robert Norton (1861)
Robert Norton was the author of "The Restoration of Apostles and Prophets; In the Catholic Apostolic Chu--h" (1861). Norton took a favorable view of the Irvingite movement, writing in the preface that his book was offered "as proofs or illustrations of its heavenly origin and character." Norton credited Margaret MacDonald as the first to proclaim the "new doctrine" of a pre-trib rapture, which was picked up by Edward Irving.

Samuel P. Tregelles (1855/1864)
Samuel P. Tregelles was the most eminent Plymouth Brethren scholar of the 19th century. After Darby borrowed and modified the pre-trib concept from the Irvingites, Tregelles openly opposed Darby's emphatic pre-trib stance. In an 1855 article in The Chr--tian Annotator, Tregelles wrote that the true Chr--tian hope is the final "advent" and "not some secret advent, or secret rapture to the Lo-d, as Judaizers supposed might be the case..." [2]. Nine years later, Tregelles published "The Hope of Chr--t's Second Coming." Here he identified the "Judaizers" who first taught the pre-trib view. "The theory of a secret coming...first brought forward...an utterance in Mr. Irving's Chu--h...about the year 1832" [3]. A later Plymouth Brethren writer, William Kelly, also identified the Irvingites as "Judaizers." He defined "Judaizing" as Chr--tians adopting "Jewish elements." Kelly added, "nowhere is this so patent as in Irvingism" [4].

JOHN NELSON DARBY & THE PLYMOUTH BRETHREN
The Irish preacher, John Nelson Darby , one of the founders of the Plymouth Brethren, wrote his first prophecy paper in 1829 [5]. In this paper, Darby argued that unfulfilled Old Testament prophecy concerning the restoration of Israel should be applied to the Chu--h. He also placed the Chu--h on earth until the Revelation 19 coming at Armageddon. While he may have hinted at some dispensational ideas, such ideas were already fully developed in Irving's 1826 "preliminary discourse." Furthermore, on pages 6-10 & 19-21, Darby referred to Irving, de Lacunza, The Morning Watch, and even quoted some of Irving's works, including his "preliminary discourse!" So, while dispensationalism may have been evolving in Darby's own mind, clearly, these ideas were not original with him! He was reading them in Irving's and de Lacunza's works!
In 1830, Darby was still defending "historicism" against "futurism" three months after the clear pre-trib "Fidus" article appeared in The Morning Watch. In the December 1830 issue of The Chr--tian Herald, Darby published an article entitled, "On 'Days' Signifying 'Years' in Prophetic Language" [6]. Darby defended the standard "historicist" view, that the 1260 day tribulation meant 1260 years. Consequently, he saw the tribulation as largely past, and could not possibly have been expecting a pre-trib rapture, which requires a "futurist" viewpoint.
In 1830, J. N. Darby also visited the MacDonald's in Port Glasgow, and observed the "manifestations" in their prayer meetings, as Darby later recalled. Darby described the sequence of events — who prayed, who spoke in tongues, etc. [7]. But, while he noted Margaret's speaking, he failed to mention the subject of her prophesying. However, John Cardale, who was also present, wrote that Margaret "commenced also speaking ... gave testimony to the judgments coming on the earth; but also directed the Chu--h to the coming of the Lo-d as her hope of deliverance," and was heard speaking in a loud voice "denouncing the coming judgments." [8]. Therefore, we can conclude that Darby was fully aware that the "pre-tribulation rapture" was a subject of the prophecies among the Irvingite Charismatics. It was nine more years before Darby clearly espoused a pre-trib rapture in his published works.

CONCLUDING REMARKS
We have tried to be fair in this short article, attempting to avoid over-reaching the facts or drawing unwarranted conclusions. We should put to rest the rumor that the pre-trib rapture originated in an utterance of "tongues" in Irving's Chu--h. While, it appears that such utterances of prophetic revelation were common in Irving's Chu--h, the secret pre-trib rapture was first seen by Margaret MacDonald in her "visions," months before she spoke in tongues. It was published in the September 1830 issue of The Morning Watch, and only afterwards became the subject of the "prophetic utterances" in Irving's Chu--h. It is clear that Darby was fully aware of the goings on among the MacDonalds and Irvingites, as well as de Lacunza's and Irving's "dispensationalism." Darby cannot rightly be credited with either dispensationalism or pre-tribulationism.
This is not to imply that Darby's pre-trib development owes its existence exclusively to MacDonald, de Lacunza, or Irving. The evidence supports a connection between these, and that Darby was influenced (perhaps strongly) by the Irvingites. There may very well have been others who influenced Darby, too.
The Irvingite pre-trib (gathering of the elite) rapture was not as much the result of the outworkings of Irving's dispensational leanings, but rather grew out of alleged gifts of prophecy among Scottish / English Charismania. Darby seems to have given the whole theory a facelift, and fine-tuned a theological system whereby a full pre-trib rapture could be sold to the public, who would naturally be skeptical of the excesses of the Irvingites. So, while Darby did not originate the pre-trib rapture idea, he gave it some respectability. As it turns out, Darby became its greatest salesman.
My thanks to Dave MacPherson, whose years of research turned up the original works quoted in this article, and who provided me with extensive photocopies of the source material.
For more information on the Irvingite movement, see "Irvingite Gifts" by Benjamin B. Warfield, 1918

NOTES:
1. See: Dave MacPherson, The Rapture Plot, p. 94
2. Tregelles, Samuel P., Premillennial Advent (The Chr--tian Annotator, June 16, 1855), p. 190.
3. Tregelles, Samuel P., The Hope of Chr--t's Second Coming (Ambassadors for Chr--t, n.d. 1864), pp. 34,35.
4. Kelly, William, The Catholic Apostolic Body, or Irvingites (The Bible Treasury, Dec. 1890), p. 191.
5. Darby, J. N., Reflections (1829), Prophetic No. 1, pp. 1-31.
6. Darby, J. N., The Collected Writings of J. N. Darby, Prophetic No. 1, p. 40.
7. Darby, J. N., The Irrationalism of Infidelity (London: 1853), pp. 283-285.
8. Cardale, John B., On the Extraordinary Manifestations in Port Glasgow" (The Morning Watch, Dec. 1830) p. 870, 871, 873.

What will happen is this! Almighty Yahweh will protect His people during the tribulation that will happen right here on this earth!

^{When
therefore you see the abomination of desolation, which was spoken of through
Daniel the prophet, standing in the holy place (let him that reads understand),
then let them that are in Judea flee to the mountains: let him that is on the
housetop not go down to take out things that are in his house: and let him that
is in the field not return back to take his cloak. But woe to them that are with
child and to them that give suck in those days! And pray that your flight be
not in the winter, neither on a sabbath:
for then shall be great tribulation, such as has not been from the beginning of
the world until now, no, nor ever shall be. And except those days had
been shortened, no flesh would have been saved: but for the elect’s sake those
days shall be shortened. Then if any man shall say to you, Lo, here is the
Messiah, or, Here; believe it not.
For there shall arise false Messiahs,
and false prophets, and shall show great signs and wonders; so as to lead
astray, if possible, even the elect. Behold, I have told you beforehand. If
therefore they shall say to you, Behold, he is in the wilderness; go not forth:
Behold, he is in the inner chambers; believe it not. For as the lightning
comes forth from the east, and is seen even to the west; so shall be the coming
of the Son of man. Matthew 24:15-27}

^{Because you did keep the word of my patience,
I also will keep you from the hour of
trial, that hour which is to come upon the whole world, to try them that dwell
upon the earth.}^{Revelation 3:10}

Psalm 91

^{He that dwells in the
secret place of the Most High
Shall abide under the
shadow of the Almighty.
I will say of Yahweh,
He is my refuge and my fortress;
My Elohim, in whom I
trust.
For he will deliver you
from the snare of the fowler,
And from the deadly
pestilence.
He will cover you with
his pinions,
And under his wings
shall you take refuge:
His truth is a shield
and a buckler.
You
shall not be afraid for the terror by night,

Nor for the arrow that flies by day;

For the pestilence that walks in
darkness,

Nor for the destruction that wastes
at noonday.
A thousand shall fall
at your side,
And ten thousand at your
right hand;
But it shall not
come near you.
Only with your eyes
shall you behold,
And see the reward of
the wicked.
For you, O Yahweh, are
my refuge!}
^{You have made the Most High your
habitation;}
^{There shall no evil befall you,
Neither shall any plague
come near your tent.

For he will give his angels charge
over you,

To keep you in all your ways.
They shall bear you up
in their hands,
Lest you dash your foot
against a stone.
You shall tread upon
the lion and adder:
The young lion and the
serpent shall you trample under foot.
Because he has set his
love upon me, therefore will I deliver him:

I will set him on high, because he
has known my name.
He shall call upon me,
and I will answer him;
I will be with him in
trouble: I will deliver him, and honor him.
With long life will I
satisfy him,
And show him my
salvation.}

^{Protection! Almighty Yahweh offers and provides protection! There is no rapture!

If you as a Pastor, Minister,
Teacher are telling people the pre-fabricated rapture LIE, then you are a
SPIRITUAL ABUSER!
You are giving people false hope! You are deceiving the people!

And that is SPIRITUAL ABUSE!}

^{This
will end this part as it has become somewhat lengthy due to needed content!}

^{Yours in Messiah! Hawke!}